Showing posts with label Hasan. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Hasan. Show all posts

Tuesday, 17 December 2013

THE DEVI OF VEDAS IS FATIMA

We know that Fatima was the daughter of Mohammad, wife of Ali and mother of Hasan and Husain. Through Husain’s progeny, she was also the grandmother of nine other Ahlulbayt. Let us see how many accounts available confirm that relationship.

In Chapter XIII of Matsya Purana, the Devi Sati’s various names are mentioned by which she was known at different places.

Visalaksi in Kasi; Lingadharini in Naimisaranya; Lalita in Prayaga; Kamaksi in Gandhamadana hills; Kumuda at the Manasa lake; Visvakaya in Ambara; Gomati in Gomanta; Kamacharini at the Mandar Hills; Madoktata in the Chaitraratha forest; Jayanti in Hastinapura; Gauri in Kanyakubja; Rambha on the Mount Malaya; Kirtiwati in Ekambhaka; Visva in Visvesvara; Puruhuta in Puskara; Margadayini in Kedar; Nanda in the Himalayas; Bhadrakarnika in Gokarna; Bhavani in Sthanesvara; Bilvapatrika in Bilval; Madhavi in Srisaila; Bhadra in Bhadresvara; Jaya in Varahaksetra; Kamala in Kamalalaya; Rudrani in Rudrakoti; Kali in Kalanjar hills; Kapila in Mahalinga; Mukutesvari in Markota; Mahadevi on the banks of the Salagrami river; Jalapriya in Sivalinga; Kumari in Mayapuri; Lalita in Santana; Utpalaksi in Sahasraksa; Mahotpala in Kamalaksa; Mangala in Gangatirtha; Vimala in Purushottam; Amoghaksi on the banks of the Vipasa river; Patala in Pundvardhana; Narayani in Suparsva; Bhadrasundari in Vikuta; Vipula in Vipula; Kalyani in Malayachala; Kotavi in Kotitirtha; Sugandha in Madhavavana; Trisandhya in Godasrama; Ratipriya in Gangotri; Sivananda in Sivakunda; Nandini on the banks of the Devika river; Rukmini in Dwarika; Radha in Vrindavana; Devaki in Mathura; Paramesvari in Patala; Sita in Chitrakuta; Vinduvasini in Vindhyachala; Ekavira in Sahyadiri; Chandrika in Harischandra; Ramana in Ramatirtha; Mrigavati on the banks of the river Yamuna; Mahalakshmi in Karavira; Umadevi in Vinayaka; Aroga in Vaidyanathan; Mahesvari in Mahakala; Abhaya in Usnatirtha; Amrita in the caves of Vindhyachala; Mandavi in Mandvaya; Svaha in Mahesvara; Prachanda in Chagalanda; Chandika in Amarakantaka; Vararoha in Somesvara; Pushkaravati in Prabhasa; Devamata on the banks Paravara of the Sarasvati river; Mahabhaga in Mahalaya; Pingalesvari in Payosni; Sinhika in Krita Saucha; Yasaskari in Kartikeya; Lola in Utpalavarta; Subhadra at the confluence of the Ganges and the Sone; Mata in Siddhapura; Laksmirangana in Bharatasrama; Visvmukhi in Jalandhara; Tara in Kiskindha; Pusti in Devadaruvna; Medha in Kashmir; Bhima in Himalaya; Pusti in Visvesvar; Sudhi in Kapalamochana; Mata in Kayavarahana; Dhvani in Sankhodhar; Dhriti in Pindaraka; Kala on the banks of the river Chandrabhag; Sivakarini on the Achodaka tank; Amrita in Vena; Urvasi in Badarinarayana; Ausadhi in Uttarakuru; Kusodka in Kusadvipa; Manmatha in Hemkuta; Satyavadini in Mukuta; Vandaniya in Asvatha; Nidhi in the town of Kuvera; Gayatri in the Vedas; Parvati in Kailasa; Indrani in Devaloka; Saraswati in the mouth of Brahma; Prabha in the disc of the Sun; Vaisnavi in the Matrikshetra; Arundhati among the Pativratas; Tillottama among women; and Brahmakala in the mind; and Sakti in all bodies.

The Chandi-mahatmya, which celebrates the victories of this goddess over the Asuras, speaks of her under the following names:

1. Durga, when she received the messengers of the Asuras. 2. Dasa-bhuja. ‘Ten-armed,’ when she destroyed part of their army. 3. Sinha-vahini. ‘Riding on a lion’, when she fought with the Asura general Rakta-vija. 4. Mahisha-mardini. ‘Destroyer of Mahisha,’ an Asura in the form of a buffalo. 5. jagad-dhatri. ‘Fosterer of the world,’ when she again defeated the Asura army. 6. Kali. ‘The black.’ She killed Rakta-vija. 7. Mukta-kesi. ‘With disheveled hair.’ Again defeats the Asuras. 8. Tara. ‘Star.’ She killed Sumbha. 9. Chhinna-mastaka. ‘Decapitated,’ the headless form in which she killed Nisumbha. 10. Jagadgauri. ‘World’s fair one,’ as lauded by the gods for her triumphs. The names which Devi obtains from her husband are: - Babhravi (Babhru), Bhagavati, Isani, Iswari, Kalanjari, Kapalini, Kausiki, Kirati, Maheswari, Mrida, Mridani, Rudrani, Sarvani, Siva, Tryambaki. From her origin she is called Adri-ja and Giri-ja, ‘mountain-born’ [remember Himavat or Daksha is her father; Him signifying mountain); Ku-ja, ‘earth-born;’ Daksha-ja, ‘sprung from Daksha.’ She is Kanya, ‘the virgin;’ Kanya-kumari, ‘the youthful virgin;’ and Ambika, ‘the mother;’ Avara, ‘the youngest;’ Ananta and Nitya, ‘the everlasting;’ Arya, ‘the revered;’ Vijaya, ‘victorious;’ Riddhi, ‘the rich;’ Sati, ‘virtuous;’ Dakshina, ‘right-handed;’ Pinga, ‘tawny, dark;’ Karburi, ‘spotted;’ Bhramari, ‘the bee;’ Kotari, ‘the naked;’ Karna-moti, ‘pearl-eared;’ Padma-lanchhana, ‘distinguished by a lotus;’ Sarva-mangala, ‘always auspicious;’ Sakam-bhari, ‘nourisher of herbs;’ Siva-duti, ‘Siva’s messenger;’ Sinha-rathi, ‘riding on a lion.’ As addicted to austerities she is Aparna and Katyayani. As Bhuta-nayaki she is chief or leader of the goblins, and as Gana-nayaki, the leader of the Ganas. She is Kamakshi, ‘wanton-eyed;’ and Kamakhya, ‘called by the name of Kama, desire.’ Other names, most of them applicable to her terrible forms, are Bhadrakali, Bhima-devi, Chamunda, Maha-kali, Mahamari, Mahasuri, Matangi, Rajasi, ‘the fierce;’ and Rakta-danti, ‘red or bloody toothed.’

The one devi was referred to by so many names. We are not concerned much about the legends attributed to her as we have seen that various legends have emanated from people’s inability to understand the true sense that was being conveyed. Our aim is to see whether relationship which this devi (who is the only female among the 14) maintains with Indra, Vayu (also Marut, Rudra or Siva) and the two Aswins is the same that existed between Fatima and Mohammad (her father), Ali (her husband) and Hasan and Husain (her sons). Elsewhere we have already proved that Indra or Brahma or Prajapati is Mohammad, Vayu or Rudra or Siva is Ali, Agni or Kumara is Husain and Vasu is Hasan. This exercise will also facilitate us in identifying the various names by which Mohammad, Ali, Hasan and Husain have been addressed in Vedas and the Upanishads. Just as this Devi is known by various names, the devas too are referred to by several names, all of whom are not known to us at the moment.

To cite an example, Himavat, Daksha, Dyaus, Visvadeva, Brahma and Indra are the various names of one person only viz. Mohammad, but we will continue to regard them as different persons, until we accomplish this exercise and find that their relationship to devi is of father and daughter. As we progress, you will get to know several other names of these devas.

Just imagine, so many names have been given to Devi in India alone. We are of the opinion that these devas were introduced around the same time in all the major civilizations of the world. What would be the number of names, if we were to find them on international basis?

The fact that she is the same female devi among the fourteen can be known from the very nature of names above. That one of her names is devi itself proves it. Then she is called Mahadevi, which shows her relationship with Mahadeva, which is another name for Siva or Rudra or Vayu, used for Ali. We have seen that Saraswati, Parvati, etc. have been used for Fatima in the Vedas. She is also Rudrani, which confirms her relationship with Rudra or Ali. She is also Devayani, also shows her relationship with Deva. She is Daksha-Ja (sprung from Daksha) and Indrayani (daughter of Indra), which confirms that Indra and Daksha are same, and Indra is undoubtedly Mohammad, as per the description in the Vedas. 

The devi is said to be the mother of eleven devas having been married to the first of the Adityas, hence she is called Lingadharini in Naimisaranya. She is one of the fourteen who were responsible for creation of this world; hence she is known as Visvakaya in Ambara. All fame is to her; hence she is called Kirtiwati in Ekambhaka. Her father is known as Visvadeva and she is called Visva in Visvesvara. She is the wife of Rudra and hence is called Rudrani in Rudrakoti. No devi matches her stature so she is known as Mahadevi on the banks of the Salagrami river. It is through her that it is possible to reach God; hence she is referred to as Narayani in Suparsva. She is one Devi among the 13 devas, and hence is called Devaki in Mathura. She was the chief of the creations created by God, hence is called Paramesvari in Patala. And that is why she is called Mahesvari in Mahakala. She gave so many sacrifices in life and hence is called Svaha in Mahesvara. She was the mother of eleven devas hence is called Devamata on the banks of Paravara of the Saraswati river and Mata in Siddha pura and Kayavardhana. The Sakti that is related to her is evident in all things in the world and hence she is called Visvamukhi in Jalandhara. She is one of the five who constitute Life in our body and hence is called Dhvani in Sankhidhar. It is she who is referred to as Gayatri in the Vedas. Owing to being the daughter of Indra, she is called Indrani in Devaloka and Sakti in all bodies. All other names given to her too confirm one or other of her virtues. She is also known as Fatima by Muslims, daughter of Mohammad.

John Dowson in ‘A Classical Dictionary of Hindu Mythology and Religion, Geography, History and Literature’ writes that Arundhati meaning ‘the morning star’ is described as the wife of Rishi Vasishtha, and a model of conjugal excellence. Bharati too is a name of Arundhati. Dowson lists Bhawani as one of the names of the wife of Siva. The account from Matsya Purana too gives Bhavani as the name of the Devi in Sthanesvara and since Arundhati too is there in the aforementioned list, we are prompted to conclude that Rishi Vasishtha and Siva may be the names of the same person.

Now see how Dowson has described this Devi. “‘The goddess,’ or Maha-devi, ‘the great goddess,’ wife of the god Siva, and daughter of Himavat, i.e. the Himalaya Mountains [This confirms that Himavat, Daksha, Indra are the same]. She is mentioned in the Mahabharata under a variety of names, and with several of her peculiar characteristics, but she owes her great distinction to the Puranas and later works. As the Sakti or female energy or Siva she has two characters, one mild, the other fierce; and it is under the latter that she is especially worshipped. She has a great variety of names, referable to her various forms, attributes, and actions, but these names are not always used accurately and distinctively. In her milder form she is Uma, ‘light,’ and a type of beauty; Gauri, ‘the yellow or brilliant;’ Parvati, ‘the mountaineer;’ and Haimavati, from her parentage; Jagan-mata, ‘the mother of the world;’ and Bhavani. In her terrible form she is Durga, ‘the inaccessible;’ Kali and Syama, ‘the black;’ Chandi and Chandika, ‘the fierce;’ and Bhairavi, ‘the terrible.’ It is in this character that bloody sacrifices are offered to her, that the barbarities of the Durga-puja and Charak-puja are perpetrated in her honour, and that the indecent orgies of the Tantrikas are held to propitiate her favours and celebrate her powers. She has ten arms, and in most of her hands there are weapons. As Durga she is beautiful yellow woman, riding on a tiger in a fierce and menacing attitude. As Kali or Kalika, ‘the black,’ “she is represented with a black skin, a hideous and terrible countenance, dripping with blood, encircled with snakes, hung round with skulls and human heads, and in all respects resembling a fury rather than a goddess.” As Vindhya-vasini, ‘the dweller in the Vindhyas,’ she is worshipped at a place of that name where the Vindhyas approach the Ganges, near Mirzapur, and it is said that there the blood before her image is never allowed to get dry. As Maha-maya she is the great illusion.”

See how people’s inability to understand the content of Vedas led to creation of myths. We have already said that our concern is not with these as they are product of an ignorant’s attempt in defining his religion.

Jagad-dhatri (dhata) ‘sustainer of the world’ too is an epithet given to both Saraswati and Durga, as per Dowson. What Dowson is unaware is that both Saraswati and Durga are the names of the same person as per the Matsya Purana.  Jayanti, who is more commonly known as daughter of Indra and whose other names are Deva-sena and Tavishi too is included in the list of names of Devi in Matsya Purana. [This proves that Indra too is the name of the father of devi. That Indra is Mohammad, we already know]. Sraddha  (devi of faith) too seems to be one of her names, who is said to be mother of Kama, married to Dharma (the deva of justice). This proves that Dharma, the Lord of Justice is same as Rudra or Ali and Kama is either Hasan or Husain, one of her two sons.

Now we come to the name Savitri. Dowson describes it in the following manner:

“The holy verse of the Veda, commonly called Gayatri. 2. A name of Satarupa, the daughter and wife of Brahma, who is sometimes regarded as a personification of the holy verse.”

And Satarupa is described in the following manner:

“‘The hundred-formed.’ The first woman. According to one account she was the daughter of Brahma, and from their incestuous intercourse the first Manu, named Swayambhuva, was born. Another account makes her the wife, not the mother, of Manu. The account given by Manu is that Brahma divided himself into two parts, male and female, and from them sprang Manu. She is also called Savitri.”

Why she is called wife of Brahma is clear from Dowson’s description of Satarupa and we need not explain it. Owing to people’s inability to understand the process of creation, she has been described as wife of Vishnu as well as Brahma, which is not correct. Since she was the only devi in the list, or wherever her relationship with Vishnu or Brahma was cited, it might have been erroneously taken as a marital relationship.

But it is said that she is daughter of Brahma, which confirms that Brahma is Mohammad and she was married to first Manu Swayambhuva, thus confirming that Manu Swayambhuva is Ali. 

Since we have shown above that Daksha is Mohammad and Aditi is described as daughter of Daksha, we have reasons to believe that Aditi is another name of devi. Most interestingly, just as Satarupa was called daughter and wife of Brahma, Aditi is called the daughter and wife of Daksha, thereby confirming the common origin of the legend. Note in the description her names like ‘Deva-matri’ meaning mother of the devas, which too confirm that she is Fatima. She is addressed as the supporter of the sky, sustainer of the earth, which confirms her to be the same as the devi in 14. She is the mother of the Adityas, which also confirms her to be Fatima as there are 12 Adityas or Imams and Fatima was mother/grandmother of 11 of them. She is wife of Kasyapa and daughter of Daksha, which shows that Kasyapa too is the name of Ali. She is also compared with heaven and earth.

See the description of Aditi by Dowson: “‘Free, unbounded.’ Infinity; the boundless heaven as compared with the finite earth; or, according to M. Muller, “the visible infinite, visible by the naked eye; the endless expanse beyond the earth, beyond the clouds, beyond the sky.” In the Rig-veda she is frequently implored “for blessings on children and cattle, for protection and for forgiveness.” Aditi is called Deva-matri, ‘mother of the gods,’ and is represented as being the mother of Daksha and the daughter of Daksha. On this statement Yaska remarks in the Nirukta: - “How can this be possible? They may have had the same origin; or, according to the nature of the gods, they may have been born from each other, have derived their substance from one another.” Eight sons were born from the body of Aditi; she approached the gods with seven but cast away the eighth, Marttanda (the sun).” These seven were the Adityas. In the Yajur-veda, Aditi is addressed as “Supporter of the sky, sustainer of the earth, sovereign of this world, wife of Vishnu;” but in the Mahabharata and Ramayana, as well as in the Puranas, Vishnu is called the son of Aditi. In the Vishnu Purana, she is said to be daughter of Daksha and wife of Kasyapa, by whom she was mother of Vishnu, in his dwarf incarnation (wherefore he is sometimes called Aditya), and also of Indra, and she is called “the mother of the gods” and “the mother of the world.” Indra acknowledged her as mother, and Vishnu, after receiving the adoration of Aditi, addressed her in these words: “Mother, goddess, do thou show favour unto me and grant me thy blessing.”

Aditi is also called Dakshayani, because of being daughter of Daksha. If you see the list of appellations of Aditi, you will find that one of them is Indrayani, thereby suggesting that Daksha and Indra are one and the same person. And Indra was the chief of the devas or devatas. Deva is described by Dowson as “a divine being or god. The name Devatas includes the gods in general, or, as most frequently used, the whole body of inferior gods.” It is Indra’s heaven, also referred to in the Gita, that is described as the Swarga or the world of the devas.

She is clearly the first of the women’s light ever created, the devi who is responsible for the birth of all women on this earth. In that way, she is the mother of the world. Also, she is the mother of the 11 devas. Curiously, she is also described by Dowson as the wife of Vishnu, which would mean either that Vishnu is another name given to Ali or this is because of the same confusion which has prompted people to call her the wife of Brahma. However, she is also the mother of Vishnu and Indra. The names of the 12 Adityas are given at various places, which include Indra and Vishnu. Since we have said that 7 names were repeated among the 14 devas, one of which was this devi. Therefore, 6 names were repeated in the 13 devas. Of these one was her father, one was her husband, and the remaining 11 were her sons or grandsons. Her father was Indra (or Daksha or Mohammad) but one of the grandsons too has been called Indra. Likewise, another is called Vishnu for the sake of identification. And her husband was Kasyapa (or Vayu or Ali), who was the first of the 12 Adityas (Imams). And 11 of her sons (or grandsons) too were Adityas. These 12 Adityas, Indra and herself, comprise the 14 devas (Ahlulbayt) or the 14 guardians of the 14 quarters. It is this devi (Fatima) who is the “supporter of the sky, sustainer of the earth, sovereign of the world.”

Coming back to the description of Arundhati, we have already seen that she is wife of Rishi Vasishtha, thereby confirming that Rishi Vasishtha too is Ali. She is model of conjugal excellence. Why would she not be seen in this manner, when she is the wife of Mahadeva and mother of 11 devas.

Further, Tara is described by Dowson as the wife of Brhaspati and since Tara is the name of the devi as per Matsya Purana, we have concluded that Brhaspati or Brahmanaspati, is also the name of Vayu or Ali. Brhaspati is called at one place the ‘father of the gods (devas)’, which can only be understood through our explanation. John Dowson has this to say about Brihaspati: “In the Rig-veda the names Brhaspati and Brahmanaspati alternate, and are equivalent to each other. They are names “of a deity in whom the action of the worshipper upon the gods (devas) is personified. He is the suppliant, the sacrificer, the priest, who intercedes with gods on behalf of men and protects mankind against the wicked. Hence he appears as the prototype of the priests and priestly order; and is also designated as the Purohita (family priest) of the divine community. He is called in one place ‘the father of the gods,’ and a widely extended creative power is ascribed to him. He is also designated as ‘the shining’ and ‘the gold-coloured,’ and as ‘having the thunder for his voice.’” The description by Dowson confirms with that of Ali, who is also the father of devas, which is true. This confirms that Brhaspati and Brahmanaspati are Ali’s names.

Durga too is in the aforementioned list from Purana, who is otherwise described as wife of Siva, and hence this also confirms our viewpoint that Siva was the name of Ali [Rudra we have already seen is Ali in the Vedas] but got to be seen as god at some later stage.

Now see description of Eka-Parna, Ekapatala as described by Dowson in his dictionary. He says that they too are perhaps names of Aparna who are called sisters of Aparna. It is said, “these (Eka-parna, Eka-patala), with their sister Aparna were, according to the Hari-vansa, daughters of Himavat and Mena. They performed austerities surpassing the powers of gods and Danavas, and alarmed both worlds. Eka-parna took only one leaf for food, and Eka-patal only one patala (Bigaonia). Aparna took no sustenance at all and lived a-parna, ‘without a leaf.’ [Myth seems to have emanated from certain description of days in Sheb-e-Abu Talib, where Mohammad and his family members had to survive on little food for three years.] Her mother being distressed at her abstinence, exclaimed in her anxiety, “Uma” – “O don’t.” Through this she became manifest as the lovely goddess Uma, the wife of Siva. [Note, Uma and Aparna are both mentioned in the list of names of Devi. Another name being Ganga, who too is called the sister of Uma, and daughter of Himavat and Mena. Uma is described as wife of Siva which again confirms that Uma, Eka-parna, Ekapatala, etc are all names of Fatima or Saraswati or Lakshmi. Mena is Fatima’s mother and Mohammad’s wife, Khadija and Himavat is another name for Mohammad.]

It is apparent from the aforementioned description that wherever different names were used for the devi and she was described as wife of Siva, people understood Siva to have several wives when in actuality the devi was known by several names. Siva too had a large number of names and the names of Brahma or Mohammad are not any lesser. Thus, all the confusion!

Kumari is another name for Fatima, who is described by Dowson as an epithet of Sita, also of Durga.

Now we come to the name Lakshmi. This word too occurs in Rig-Veda for Fatima. See how Dowson describes Lakshmi:

“The word occurs in the Rig-veda with the sense of good fortune, and in the Atharva-veda the idea has become personified in females both of a lucky and unlucky character. The Taittiriya Sanhita, as explained by the commentator, makes Lakshmi and Sri to be two wives of Aditya, and the Satapatha Brahmana describes Sri as issuing forth from Prajapati.”

This description proves that Prajapati is another name for Mohammad and Aditya is reference to Ali. Both these names, viz. Prajapati and Aditya are often used in Upanishads and Vedas for the same two personalities. She is also called wife of Vishnu in another description of Satarupa that we have given before, which confirms our view, along with the fact that she is the mother of Kama. Earlier, we have seen that Jagad-dhatri (dhata) ‘sustainer of the world’ and devi, two more names of Fatima, were described as mother of Kama. That she is described in legends as springing like Aphrodite from the froth of the ocean shows her relationship with the God Vishnu, who is often represented as vast expanse of water. She is also daughter of Bhrigu and Khyati, which shows that Bhrigu is another name of Mohammad and Khyati another appellation of Fatima’s mother, Khadija.

See how Dowson further describes Lakshmi or Sri.  “Lakshmi or Sri in later times is the goddess of fortune, wife of Vishnu, and mother of Kama. The origin ascribed to her by the Ramayana is the one commonly believed. According to this legend she sprang, like Aphrodite, from the froth of the ocean, in full beauty with a lotus in her hand, when it was churned by the gods and the Asuras. Another legend represents her as floating on the flower of a lotus at the creation. With reference to this origin, one of her names is Kshirabdhi-tanaya, ‘daughter of the sea of milk.’ From her connection with the lotus she is called Padma. According to the Puranas, she was the daughter of Bhrigu and Khyati. The Vishnu Purana says, “Her first birth was the daughter of Bhrigu by Khyati. It was at a subsequent period that she was produced from the sea at the churning of the ocean.

Lakshmi is said to have four arms, but she is the type of beauty, and is generally depicted as having only two. In one hand she holds a lotus. “She has no temples, but being goddess of abundance and fortune, she continues to be assiduously courted, and is not likely to fall into neglect.” Other names of Lakshmi are Hira, Indira, Jaladhija, ‘ocean born;’ Chanchala or Lola, ‘the fickle,’ as goddess of fortune; Loka-mata, ‘mother of the world.’”

In Vedas, there is no doubt that she is used for Fatima. Indira is another name for Lakshmi, thus confirming our view that Lakshmi has been used for Fatima and Indra for Mohammad. As per Dowson’s description, she is described as springing from froth (we know that Vishnu is associated with water).

See how Dowson has given names of several energies of the great gods while describing the term Matris. He says Matris means ‘Mothers’. The divine mothers. “These appear to have been originally the female energies of the great gods, as Brahmani of Brahma, Maheswari of Siva, Vaishnavi of Vishnu, Indrani or Aindri of Indra, & c. The number of them was seven or eight or sixteen, but in the later mythology they have increased out of number. They are connected with the Tantra worship, and are represented as worshipping Siva and attending upon his son Kartikeya.”

Truth is that they are all names of the one and only female energy. The list of devi in the Matsya Purana cites Indrani and Maheswari as two of her names. Since Maheswari is related to Siva and Indrani is another name of Maheswari, it proves that there must be some relationship between Siva and Indra, which the present day Hindus won’t be able to tell. But through this play of names we can safely say that Siva was son-in-law of Indra (also Himavat, Brahma, Prajapati and lot more). Thus, Siva is her husband and Indra her father. What is important to note is that Kartikeya is her son, thus we can say that Kartikeya is either Hasan or Husain.

Dowson has described Prisni as follows: “In the Vedas and Puranas, the earth, the mother of the Maruts. The name is used in the Vedas also for a cow. There were several females of this name, and one of them is said to have been a new birth of Devaki.” Since Devaki too is mentioned in the aforementioned list, we take Prisni as one her names. From being Fatima, she is definitely the mother of Maruts (there are 12 Maruts or Imams). And once it is proved that Prisni is the devi, there is no denying that the earth in the list of five, considered as five elements by scholars till now, is this devi.

Another name of devi is Riddhi. See how Dowson describes her. Riddhi means “’Prosperity’. The wife of Kuvera, god of wealth. The name is also used for Parvati, the wife of Siva.” It is evident from this that Kuvera – the Lord of wealth and prosperity - is another name of Siva or Ali.

Now see the description of ‘Sandhya’ by Dowson. Word means “‘Twilight’. It is personified as the daughter of Brahma and wife of Siva.” Again the same relationship is being described, Siva or Ali being her husband and Mohammad or Brahma being her father.

Another oft-repeated name of Fatima in Vedas is Saraswati. See Dowson’s description: “‘Watery, elegant.’ In the Vedas, Saraswati is primarily a river, but is celebrated in the hymns both as a river and a deity. [Fact is that Saraswati is not celebrated as river in the Vedas but only as a deity.] The Saraswati River was one boundary of Brahmavartta, the home of the early Aryans, and was to them, in all likelihood, a sacred river, as the Ganges has long been to their descendants. As a river goddess, Saraswati is alluded for the fertilizing and purifying powers of her waters, and as the bestower of fertility, fatness, and wealth. Her position as Vach, the goddess of speech, finds no mention in the Rig-veda, but is recognized by the Brahmanas and the Mahabharata. Dr. Muir endeavours to account for her acquisition of this character. He say, “When once the river has acquired a divine character, it was quite natural that she should be regarded as the patroness of the ceremonies which were celebrated on the margin of her holy waters, and that her direction and blessing should be invoked as essential to their proper performance and success. The connection into which she was thus brought with sacred rites may have led to the further step of imagining her to have an influence on the composition of the hymns which formed so important a part of the proceedings, and of identifying her with Vach, the goddess of speech.” In later times Saraswati is the wife of Brahma, the goddess of speech and learning, inventress of the Sanskrit language and Deva-nagari letters, and patroness of the arts and sciences. “She is represented as of a white colour, without any superfluity of limbs, and not unfrequently of a graceful figure, wearing a slender crescent on her brow and sitting on a lotus.” -Wilson. The same authority states that “the Vaishnavas of Bengal have a popular legend that she was the wife of Vishnu, as were also Lakshmi and Ganga. The ladies disagreed; Saraswati, like the other prototype of learned ladies, Minerva, being something of a termagant, and Vishnu finding that one wife was as much as he could manage, transferred Saraswati to Brahma and Ganga to Siva, and contended himself with Lakshmi alone. (see Vach.) Other names of Saraswati are Bharati, Brahmi, Putkari, Sarada, and Vagiswari. The river is now called Sarsuti. It falls from the Himalayas and is lost in the sands of the desert. In ancient times it flowed on to the sea. A passage in the Rig-veda says of it, “She who goes on pure from the mountains as far as the sea.” –Max Muller, Veda, 45. According to the Mahabharata it was dried up by the curse of the sage Utathya (q.v.). See Sapta-sindhava. [Sapta meaning seven.]”

This narration itself confirms why the same devi, with different names was assigned to various deities. The same devi in her various names has been assigned to Minerva, Brahma and Vishnu. We have already shown the reason for this.

Sati too is a daughter of Daksha (who is Mohammad) and wife of Rudra (Siva or Ali); thereby confirming that Sati too is one of the names of the devi. She is also described as daughter of Himavat and Mena, which we have shown above as the name of Mohammad and Khadija, when we were talking of Uma, Aparna, Eka-parna and Eka-patala. That Bhava married her shows that Bhava is the name of Ali.

Sati is described by Dowson as ”A daughter of Daksha and wife of Rudra, i.e., Siva. The Vishnu Purana states that she “abandoned her body in consequence of the anger of Daksha. She then became the daughter of Himavat and Mena; and the divine Bhava again married Uma, who was identical with his (Siva’s) former spouse.” The authorities generally agree that she died or killed herself in consequence of the quarrel between her husband and father; and the Kasi Khanda, a modern work, represents that she entered the fire and became a Sati.”

Next comes Savaran, we believe that she too is Fatima, as she is described as daughter of the ocean. who is the wife of the sun. We know that Ali is known as Aditya that means the sun. She is the wife of Prachinabarhis as well as Vivaswat, thus these too are names of Ali. Surely, she is mother of several Imams, who are referred to as Prachetasas. See Dowson’s description: “Wife of the sun. “The female of like appearance,” whom Saranyu, wife of Vivaswat, substituted for herself when she fled. Manu was the offspring of Savarna. This is the version given in the Nirukta. In the Vishnu Purana, Savarana is daughter of the ocean, wife of Prachinabarhis, and mother of the ten Prachetasas.”

Another name of the devi Fatima is Sinhika who is described as “A daughter of Daksha and wife of Kasyapa; also a daughter of Kasyapa and wife of Viprachitti.” It is understood how she is daughter of Daksha and wife of Kasyapa, but she is also daughter of Kasyapa and wife of Viprachitti. This is perhaps because a daughter of Fatima and Ali was Fatima Sughra (or the younger Fatima), whose name is mentioned at places that describe departure of Husain from Medina.

Again Sraddha too seems a name of Fatima. She is described as “Daughter of the sage Daksha, wife of the god Dharma, and reputed mother of Kama-deva, the god of love,” which again proves that the devi was known by several names.

Tara or Taraka too is the name of devi above who is described as “Wife of Brihaspati. According to the Puranas, Soma, the moon, carried her of, which led to a great war between the gods and the Asuras. Brahma put an end to the war and restored Tara, but she was delivered of a child which she declared to be the son of Soma, and it was named Budha.” You have seen in the Vedas that Soma is not a person but is used for ‘martyrdom’. Unable to understand this, a full-fledged character named Soma has come into being, along with several myths around the name. The word Soma has been used on countless occasions to describe the death of Ali and Husain; Ali incidentally is also referred to as Yagyapati (the Lord of the sacrificers). This word when used along with the name of devi was interpreted as a personality who carried off the wife of Brahaspati (Ali). This shows how gross errors have been committed in the study of the Vedas. Therefore, there is no truth in the devi being carried off by Soma and Buddha (used for Husain) being the son of Soma. These myths, as we have said, are by-products of an ignorant mind that didn’t want to accept his ignorance. It is similar to somebody saying that there were airplanes flying in the sky during the time of Rama, on the basis of Rishi Dayanand Saraswati’s’s commentary. We can give countless examples to show the link of various myths with the wrong understanding of Vedas, but are not doing so as this would further elongate the subject. One thing that is clear is that Buddha is another name for Husain; Soma got introduced because it was Husain’s (Buddha’s) sacrifice that was being discussed.

Since Uma too is a consort of Siva, and is also identified with Vach or speech, she too is the name of Fatima, who “appears as a mediatrix between Brahma and the other gods, and seems to be identified with Vach.” Likewise, Usha too is Fatima as she is not only a devi but also a daughter of sky, Dyaus. Dowson describes her as: “She is the daughter of heaven and sister of the Adityas. This is one of the most beautiful myths of the Vedas, and is enveloped in poetry. Ushas is the friend of men, she smiles like a young wife, she is the daughter of the sky, she goes to every house, she thinks of the dwellings of men, she does not despise the small or the great, she brings wealth; she is always the same, immortal, divine, age cannot touch her; she is the young goddess, but she makes men grow old. “All this,” adds Max Muller, “may be simply allegorical language. But the transition from Devi, ‘the bright’ to Devi, the goddess, is so easy; the daughter of the sky assumes so readily the same personality which is given to the sky, Dyaus, her father, that we can only guess whether, in every passage, the poet is speaking of bright apparition or of a bright goddess, of a natural vision or a visible deity.” She is called Ahana and Dyotana, ‘the illumer.’ [Noor talked about by Mohammad too has similar meaning and deva too we have shown earlier has root in ‘divya’ or something illuminated.] Since this description of Uma calls her consort of Siva and daughter of Dyaus or Sky, it proves that Dyaus is another name for Mohammad. It shows further that Mohammad is also the Sky, in the first of the five creations, seen as five elements by scholars.

Another name of the Devi is Vinata, as she is again the daughter of Daksha and wife of Kasyapa. That she is mother of Garuda shows that Garuda is either Hasan or Husain or both.

The dictionary by Dowson describes Vinata as follows: “A daughter of Daksha, one of the wives of Kasyapa, and mother of Garuda. According to the Bhagavata Purana she was the wife of Tarkshya or Garuda.”

Wednesday, 13 November 2013

IS HUSAIN’S (AGNIDEV’S) MARTYRDOM STILL CAPABLE OF TRANSFORMING OUR SOCIETY? Part - I

We need not be told of the fate of international society in an era of globalization and the ability or rather the inability of the inherited society of sovereign states to provide a practically viable and normatively acceptable framework for global political order. It is evident that all the progress that has been made by our society is only in creating of new gadgets and devices that provide comfort and ease to human life. But if you look at the humane angle, there has been no progress at all, despite framing up of decorative terms like human rights, equality and universal justice. In other words, if see from the spiritual point of view, man of today has gone from bad to worse.


If there were cases of large scale murders and loot in pre-historic times, we can still see mobs vandalizing, killing and tormenting the innocents wherever they get a chance in each and every corner of this so-called civilized society. It require stricter and stricter laws to safeguard women from the prying eyes of men and rape. If there are cases of Namroods and Firauns who hoarded money, we can still see the lust for money to such an extent that entire money of countries is increasingly getting confined into the hands of fewer and fewer people. If we saw Alexander in pre-Christ age who wanted to control the world, there are still countries and groups of people who wish to create the New World Order.



A cursory look at the newspapers or internet will show that several nefarious plans are being hatched by those in power, some succeed while some fail. One such plan has been devised by the family of an American/European financial elites of immense wealth and power with ancient historical roots, called by some the "Illuminati". Their plan is to rule the world and it is said they are not going to leave any stone unturned to achieve their objectives.



Some people have started claiming that this centuries-old conspiracy is to impose a global totalitarian society where there are just the rulers and the ruled.



Modern democracy, as we know it, is less than 250 years old. For most of history, except for this brief period, the world has been ruled by powerful elites who wielded absolute power over their societies, controlled the wealth and resources of their known world, and dominated their people by force. The New World Order (NWO) cabal plans to restore this model of totalitarian rule on a global scale.



The endgame will be a one-world government presiding over the earth for the benefit of global oligarchs and their superclass functionaries, leaving the mass of humanity as serfs, to serve the elite, while suffering impoverishment and immiseration. As per reports available on internet, the plan includes scientifically engineered global population reduction (viruses/vaccines/genetically-modified food), cutting the world's population to less than one billion, which means they will have to kill 5 billion people on this planet out of the present population of 6 billion plus inhabitants and the population that will remain will comprise of only the rulers and the slaves. Can you fathom of greater depths that humanity can fall to?



It seems this has been the human mind-set in all ages and in all creations. This is evident from the Quranic description of the conversation between angels and God at the time of creation of the first of human beings viz. Adam. The angels asked: “Will you create someone who will commit bloodshed and murder on earth?



Chapters and chapters have been written on different forms of global inequality and the problems of legitimacy that such attempts to lord over the world have created in the past and consequent challenges of value conflict, societal inequality, death and disaster that it poses. Democracy and various isms were created to provide solutions to the ailing humanity but such concepts have been used by the mighty and the powerful to meet their own personal gains. Today, democracy is not about creating a system where global equality is there for all the citizens but terms like saam, daam and danda and everything is fair in war are used to support attempts to capture power and material wealth at any cost.



Those in the power think they can commit any crime under the sun? No rules apply for them. Look at the highest offices of power, look at the politicians you are in touch with and look at the local police constable of your area. They are all busy in misusing the power bestowed upon them to meet their own objectives or that of people close to them. It is evident that the world is getting from bad to worse, each passing day.



NEW WORLD ORDER



“We are on the verge of a global transformation. All we need is the right major crisis and the nations will accept the New World Order. ” – David Rockefeller



Those in power who are desirous of capturing greater power and wealth have their plans well-chalked out. Crisis is created so that a solution that suits the needs of a few powerful people is given. As Henry Kissinger said, the new order will not come in like a third-world coup, with the blatant imposition of military force. Rather, the conditions are to be created so that the NWO will appear to be a welcome salvation for humanity. It would be surprising if any other approach had been adopted. It has always been the practice of such establishments to bring public opinion enthusiastically onside to their global-scale projects.



In both world wars, for example, the dominant economic elites orchestrated the build-up to the wars, great care was taken so that the designated enemies would be seen as the aggressors. As a result, populations put their hearts and souls into the war effort. Not only were they ‘defending’ themselves, they were ‘fighting a war to end all wars’, or they were ‘defeating fascism’.



Same is the case with post-9/11 world situation. Whosoever planned the crisis called 9/11, but it is evident that ever since 9/11, beginning under Bush and Blair, the US and UK have been operating more or less in ‘national emergency’ mode. Normal constitutional processes have been systematically ignored, due to the presumed threat of domestic terrorist acts, and normal international law has been largely ignored, in dealing with alleged terrorist groups and terrorist states. And this has been an ongoing trend, toward more executive power, and more international belligerence. Anti-Muslim sentiments have been aroused to such an extent that Muslims and Muslim nations are seen as the culprits and the common man too is supporting the “fight” against terrorism, irrespective of the fact that even in pursuance of this ‘noble’ cause, countless terror acts are being committed towards innocent men, women and children.



In short, every crisis, from 9/11 itself, and including all the interventions and regime changes, has been manufactured. What we’re seeing is a classic case of ‘create crisis’, ‘offer solution’. Or, in the language of the Shock Doctrine, given a crisis, accomplish what you couldn’t accomplish otherwise. It is evident, the superpowers in the world (both known and unknown) are manipulating and using the 6 billion people of the globe as per their will.



In September of 2001, these same economic elites redefined civil liberties and international law. In September of 2008, they redefined the nature of economics when the orchestrated collapse of 2008 put an end to the old economic order – the era of market forces. If we look at the emerging situation today in Syria and other countries, it appears they are about to redefine the nature of geopolitics.



All this is being done through mind control, which is the most efficient means of population mobilization. As regards economic affairs, we are now already in a command-economy scenario, with an increasing number of national budgets being dictated by central-banker fiat. Whether or not human mind acted in similar fashion in all ages in the past, fact is that this is today’s politics.



IS HUSAIN’S MARTYRDOM CAPABLE OF BRINGING ABOUT A CHANGE?



Where does Husain and Karbala stand in a world where the powerful negative powers are bent upon using every trick in their armour to gain control of the masses and their mind? Is it possible that a single person or his thought has the potential to create order in the world where its own movers and shakers have willingly created the disorder in their own interests? More importantly, a man who was himself butchered to death in the most ruthless fashion, whose entire family and friends were slaughtered by the forces loyal to the greatest super power of those times – the Muslim empire – and even women-folks and children kept in prison for more than a year, how is it possible that he or his teachings can bring about a change for betterment in today’s world?



Fact is that it is true. One person who is capable of bringing about a sea-change in today’s politics is Husain and one incident that is capable of serving as a lesson to all those who want the world order to change is Karbala. The day the world will know the true aspects of Husain’s teachings and Karbala, it will realize that a solution do exist to all the big problems facing humanity. One can only imagine the wave of optimism that can be generated on global basis by the crisis-weary population.  The entire world will be grateful to Husain for showing the means to create a new and better world.



Let’s have an example. Fritz Springmeier, author of ‘The Top 13 Illuminati Bloodlines’ who first exposed the New World Order conspiracy by the Illuminati reports that ‘Slides’ is a CIA term for a conditioned type of response which dead ends a persons’ thinking and terminates debate or examination of the topic at hand. Highly tuned and extremely sophisticated Mind Control (MC) training programs are employed that begin the programing process while the intended victim is still in the womb. These include trauma-based MC programs and non-trauma electronic means of MC programming. These conspirators manifest their agenda through the skilful manipulation of human emotions especially fear. Consequently, what most Americans believe to be "Public Opinion" is in reality carefully crafted and scripted propaganda designed to elicit a desired behavioural response from the public.



Compare this with the situation in the Muslim world a little after the Prophet. In the battle of Camel, Muawiya said that I have brought men to fight Ali who were incapable of distinguishing between a male and female camel. Is this not an example of mind control? A huge retinue of Muslims was prepared who were ready to get themselves killed but whose reverence for a camel was such that they were ready to eat its dung. Trauma-based mind control was utilized to such an extent that Muslims, who even today won’t accept if the Friday prayers are held 15 minutes before stipulated time were witnessing that the Friday prayer was led by the Caliph on Wednesday and weren’t complaining. Wine drinking is still a taboo in Muslim societies but the Muslim society during the rule of Muawiya was even witness to morning prayers being led by an Imam totally inebriated due to intoxication. Highest punishment has been prescribed under Islamic law for adultery but the people had been numbed to an extent that they were mute witness to even sacred relations of mother and sister being compromised at the hands of the rulers and their chieftains, something that no civilized society would permit. The most revered and knowledgeable companions of the Prophet were being insulted and even slaughtered at public places and there was no word of dissent. Yet Karbala changed all that. The morbid society was suddenly aroused. The sleeping minds were shaken. The mighty citadels of power and might trembled. The greatest super power of the world crumbled, all its time-tested political mantras failed. All the money, all the gold and other world incentives couldn’t lure the newly awakened minds. All this because Husain aroused the society deep in slumber through a sprinkle of his own blood and that of his relative, friends and children.



MOHAMMAD, ALI AND HUSAIN



Husain’s grandfather, Prophet Mohammad had arduously worked to reform a diseased social order where petty fights resulted into bloody warfare lasting generations, people slaughtered their daughters, considering it an act of maintaining their self-respect, rich and high-born were considered superior to the rest of the people, so much so that the murder of an important person was avenged by putting to death hundreds of people belonging to the tribe of the murderer, whereas important people were allowed to kill ‘insignificant’ or ‘unimportant’ men.



Prophet’s job was to cleanse all those beliefs, superstitions and traditions that had become integral parts of their lives. He had to teach tolerance, forbearance, humility and forgiveness to those who deemed forgiveness as evidence of weakness and forbearance to those who saw it as symbol of cowardice.



The Prophet had to give lessons in equality and fraternity to those who divided themselves upon their high births. The Arabs could not even dream that piety and righteousness were the highest merits in the eyes of God, or that the lowest of men could claim equality with any member of the noblest families in Arabia. The priestly order was all-powerful which claimed to be an intermediary between the worshippers and the worshipped. On the contrary, the Prophet brought a message of freedom to world groaning under the power and authority of priests; he gave freedom from the tyranny of the affluent, who unmindful of any divine law or human regulation, brazenly enjoyed the fruits of the toil and labour of others, he gave freedom to the slaves and the suppressed classes from the oppression of their masters and social superiors, he gave freedom to women from what was, to all intents and purposes, slavery which divested them of even their elementary human rights, and he gave freedom to the ordinary man from the constraints imposed upon him by narrow inhibitions of castes, colour and race.



Ali is known for giving the first charter of ruling a nation, when he was made Caliph of the Muslim world for a brief period of four years. He is famous for giving strict guidelines for his governors, about the manner in which even the poorest of poor ought to be treated. Ali showed to the world for the first time what a ruler’s role ought to be when he lived like a poor man and took only that amount from the government treasury that went to the poorest of the poor. Muawiya, on the other hand, was an epitome of materialistic desires and practiced the type of capitalism where all wealth had to be his, in whatever manner it was earned. Yazid – Muawiya’s son who acceded to the throne upon his father’s demise - was no better.



From his childhood, Husain had seen his grandfather toil hard to eradicate all kind of evils from the society. Husain grew up to seeing a sincere attempt by his grandfather and later his father to eradicate all kind of evils from the society. He grew up in an environment where righteousness, piety, justice, generosity and uplifting of all social virtues were the order of the day. After his grandfather’s death, Husain saw how the entire direction that his grandfather had given to the teachings was hijacked by the self-seekers and satanic forces, so much so that lot many customs of the pre-Islamic period that were banned by Islam, were reintroduced. It started with those who showed themselves to be the most pious, but in their hearts valued their own interests more than Islamic injunctions. And then, within 50 years, it came to a stage where vices were not only being openly committed, but there were deliberate attempts to portray Islam as a constituent of those vices. Degradation had reached a stage that Islam’s face was distorted and people had begun to view the Islam of Muawiya as the real Islam. Yazid even went further and distorted the teachings of Prophet Mohammad to such a degree of ugliness that it became a mockery, not only of the teachings, but also of the basic rational inclinations of the human mind.



Husain’s grandfather Prophet Mohammad had taught the virtues of peace and piety, Yazid was preaching war and hatred. Blood of innumerable innocent people was made to spill under his orders. Mohammad had never allowed forceful subversion of other territories, whereas Yazid and even his father Muawiya had sent Muslim armies as far as Africa and India, so much so that even today, it is said that Islam spread through sword.



Muhammad had preached simple living and Ali, even when he had become the Caliph of the Islamic world, lived in a small cottage, while Yazid’s palace vied with the palaces of Byzantine and Persian kings, in grandeur.



The conscience of the rightful was either purchased or their souls tormented into obedience and to such humble submission that their sensibilities were deadened to dumbness. Yazid was committing every crime and evil under the sun, that too under the banner of Islam – the very religion that had taught the Arabs the essence of being humans. He considered himself as an almighty dictator who paid no heed to the laws of civilized society.



Husain, when a child, was the most beloved of Prophet Mohammad. Historians have narrated incidents when people saw Mohammad carrying the young Husain on his shoulders or prolonging the prayers when the child came to sit on Mohammad’s back as he prostrated before God. Not merely this, Mohammad also confirmed the spiritual or rather the Divine role of Husain. He declared Hasan and Husain as the leaders of the youth of heaven. When Husain was a child, Rizwan – a guardian angel of heaven – brought heavenly clothes for Hasan and Husain. There are traditions where even angels were relieved of the punishment given to them by God, courtesy Husain. If Husain as child bestowed 7 sons to someone, he actually went on to father 7 sons eventually. Husain was one of the five (Panjetan or five bodies) who were seen by all at Mubahila, on whom God showered his praises to the extent that He took guarantee of their purity. Husain was also one of the Panjetan when the famous tradition ‘Hadees-e-Kisa’ quoted God as saying that the sun, the moon, the earth, the sky, etc. were created by God in love of the Ahlulbayt. Prophet Mohammad, about whom God in Quran says that he speaks nothing from his side but that is ordained by God, even confirmed Husain’s role in salvation when he said Ahlulbayt are akin to the ark of Noah, one who come overboard gets salvation and one who doesn’t is drowned. Another universally acknowledged exhortation of Prophet Mohammad says: “I leave behind amidst you the two great things, the Book of God (Quran) and my Itrat, my Ahlebayt (progeny).” This apostolic instruction enjoins on every true Muslim to abide by the holy book Quran and Ahlulbayt and to no one else.



It is a great irony that despite all this, Imam Ali bin Husain Zainul Abidin – the fourth Imam – had to say:

In view of the clear instructions of the Holy Prophet and the decisive injunctions of the Quran it is obligatory to love, revere and follow the Ahlulbayt, but, even if the prophet had commanded the ummah to hate and abuse his children, they could not have been able to do worse than what they did to us.



They persecuted the Ahlulbayt in whichever town they took shelter, forced them to drift from place to place, and at last surrounded them from all sides in the desert of Karbala, and then murdered in cold blood, all the male friends, relatives and companions of the grandson of Prophet Mohammad – Imam Husain. They spared no one, not even the six month infant son of the Holy Imam. The persecutors, in devilish frenzy, trampled the bodies of the devoted martyrs under the hooves of their horses, plundered, looted and set the tents of the Ahlulbayt on fire. It was a premeditated, ruthless and satanic dance of death. The ladies and children of the holy house in chains, along with the severed heads of the martyrs, walked through the streets of Kufa and Damascus (to the court of Yazid).



This tragedy of Karbala casted such a gloom upon every refined, compassionate and God-fearing soul that to this day it makes hearts bleed and tears flow. When Husain’s suffering is described by narrators, cries of lamentation reach the heavens.



THE SITUATION AFTER MOHAMMAD?



The Muslims continued to drift from the teachings of their Prophet, so much so that by the time of Muawiya, the true teachings of Prophet Mohammad had got corrupted to such an extent that the Muslims were confused. Most of the mullahs in the then Muslim world had become subservient to the monarchs of the period. This can be seen from the cursing on Ali that was done from 70000 pulpits every Friday, under the sanction of Umayyad rulers. Evidently, 70000 imams of mosques all across the Muslim world were being paid from state exchequer to curse Ali and his family. Considering the fact that merely about 30 years had elapsed since Prophet’s departure, it can be taken as certainty that a good number of these mullahs were Prophet’s companions. As per Islamic rule, particularly in the light of importance that the Prophet bestowed on Ali, the Quranic injunctions regarding his truthfulness and purity and his contribution to Islam during the initial years, such cursing actually made all these mullahs Kafirs. But they continued to curse Ali, even if they knew it was unIslamic, for petty gains.



Power and wealth were the primary motives behind Muawiya attacking Ali while he was the 4th Caliph. Ali engaged in the war because he could not shirk his responsibility to preserve the Islamic ideal of justice, as well as Islam’s polity intact, while for Muawiya and Amr b. As, it was a way to gain power and wealth. This contrast in the motives of the Imam and his opponents may be clearly discerned in the conduct of the two parties.



Ali’s stand for truth and justice was faced with someone who had least regard for these values. Like every worldly ruler, Muawiya knew that victory is foremost, even if it comes after trampling of innocent lives, loot and plunder. For Ali, adherence to truth and justice was paramount. Islam wanted its followers to stand for truth and justice in all situations even at the cost of their lives but Muslims had forsaken these teachings.



Imam Ali is reported to have written to the leaders of the army which he dispatched ahead of him to Siffin, enjoining them not to transgress against people in their towns and villages. They should not disturb them except when in dire need of food, or to ask for a guide in case they lose their way. He said:



“God has made you all equal before the truth, the black and the red of you (that is everyone regardless of ethnicity and lineage). He likewise made your relationship to the ruler (wali) like that of a father to a child, or a child to the father. Your right over him is that he should act justly among you and refrain from usurping your lawfully gained booty (fay). If he does that, then it is incumbent upon you to obey and support him in whatever is consonant with the truth, and that you defend God’s authority. For, you are God’s defenders in the land. Be, therefore, God’s helpers and supporters of His religion.”



The Imam concluded with the Quranic injunction, “Do not spread corruption in the earth after it has been set right, for God loves not those who spread corruption.”



The Imam’s problems at Siffin did not arise only from Muawiya’s lavish bribes with which he bought the hearts and consciences of men, but also from the radical and often aggressive individualism of the tribesmen in his camp and the obedience of the more urbanized Syrian army to Muawiya’s every command. This radical individualism, which often expressed itself in spontaneous and hasty emotional actions, was an important component of the clash of narrow tribal politics with religious morality in early Islam.



This clash was clearly illustrated by an event which occurred at the banks of the Euphrates prior to the encounter of the two armies at Siffin. Muawiya’s soldiers preceded Ali and his fighters to the water and vowed to block their way to it at all cost. Their determination was expressed by al-Walid b. Uqbah who vowed:



“I shall deny them water as they did deny it Usman b. Affan. They besieged him for forty days and denied him the taste of cool water and good food. I shall kill them with thirst, may God kill them.” [Note that the weapon being used by the proponents of evil was still people’s emotional attachment to religion and Islam. They used it to their advantage so much so that even in Karbala, there were some who wanted to kill Husain in the name of Islam. This was the result of the continued propaganda drive against Ali and his family and vigorous attack on their personality, even if it meant falsely implicating Ali of the murder of Usman, by those who themselves were suspicious of being involved in the crime.]



When Ali and his forces reached the site, water was denied to them. His forces started dying due to dearth of water. It was matter of life and death for them. Ali and his forces attacked Muawiya’s army and a little later the tide of the battle got reversed. Ali’s forces gained control of water and it was the turn of Muawiya’s army to feel the scarcity of water. But Ali asked his forces to leave control of water as water was God’s grace for all humanity. This incident too shows the difference between Ali and Muawiya’s stance.



Imam Ali spent the last months of his life frustrated and virtually deserted. Day after day, he would call upon the men of Kufa to rise up against Muawiya, whose soldiers continued to intimidate the people and coerce them into pledging allegiance to him, but Muslims had forgotten all the teachings of Islam which wanted them to value the next life over this. The Imam’s appeals and exhortations have been preserved in moving orations, which remain among the great gems of Arabic literature. Finally, he convinced his long-time devotee Jariyah b. Qudama to restrain Busr’s incursions against the peoples of the Yemen and the Hijaz with a force of over two thousand horsemen. Imam Ali was martyred as this final effort to oppose wrongdoing and establish justice in Mohammad’s community was going on.



After Ali’s death, people recognized Hasan as caliph. But they were the same people who had disenchanted Ali and Hasan was no different than Ali in character. He too had to face the ingratitude of them, as they wanted to be part of worldly gains, and not indulge in sacrifices. Therefore, it is evident that Ali lived and died for God while in the midst of those who only had this world to seek. Consequently, as a result of a treaty between Hasan and Muawiya, the latter became the Caliph of the entire Muslim world. The traitor of Islam and the one who had rebelled against the Caliph became the Caliph of Islam. Muawiya showered wealth and consequently several historians wrote narrations praising Muawiya’s conduct and extolling his virtues. So much so that the greater percentage of Muslims accept Muawiya as caliph right till this day.



It was left to Husain to show the extent to which an ideal Muslim should take a stand when faced with evil, untruth and injustice.